This content is adapted from the WCC's workshop "How to Cite Sources in Chicago Style." It is intended to serve as an accessible, digital resource for UTC students working on writing in Chicago style.
Fields or disciplines that tend to use Chicago's Notes-Bibliography format include history, fine arts, and theatre/literature
Fields or disciplines that tend to use Chicago's Author-Date format include physical, natural, social, or computer sciences
Notes-Bibliography: all sources referenced within the paper are cited in numbered footnotes or endnotes
Author-Date: sources are briefly cited in-text using the author's last name and year of publication (similar to APA)
Note: both formats generally require a bibliography at the end of the paper
Margins: between 1" and 1.5" (usually 1")
Text size and font: 12 pt. Times New Roman or 11 pt. Arial [Note: footnotes should be 10 pt.]
Page numbers: begin numbering on second page, top-right
Spacing: body of paper should be double spaced; notes and bibliography should be single spaced
Main sections:
Title page
Body of paper with footnotes at the bottom of each page (or endnotes at the end)
Bibliography
Shao-Hsun Keng, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem, “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality,” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (2017): 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
Journal article
Book with multiple authors
Chapter in an edited collection
Book Example | Journal Example |
---|---|
First citation: Mary Zanarini, In the Fullness of Time: Recovery from Borderline Personality Disorder (New York: Oxford University Press, 2019), 87. |
First citation: Stephen H. Mandy, “Satisfying Patient Expectations withSoft‐Tissue Augmentation,” Dermatology Online Journal 15, no. 7 (2009): 45–47, https://doi.org/10.1037/a0061540. |
Subsequent citations: Zanarini, In the Fullness, 89. |
Subsequent citations: Mandy, “Satisfying Patient Expectations with Soft‐Tissue Augmentation,” 47. |
Repeated consecutive citations: Zanarini, 89. |
Repeated consecutive citations: Mandy, 45. |
Firstname Lastname, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
Rocky Johnson, Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), 67.
Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
Johnson, Rocky. Cosmopolis: The Hidden Agenda of Modernity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.
Firstname Lastname and Firstname Lastname, Title of Book (Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication), page number.
Brian Grazer and Charles Fishman, A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 12.
Lastname, Firstname, and Firstname Lastname. Title of Book. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015.
Firstname Lastname of first author et al.
Margaret Zamudio et al., Critical Race Theory Matters: Education and Ideology (New York: Routledge, 2011), 110-65, ProQuest Ebook Central.
Lastname Firstname, Firstname lastname … (list all authors)
Zamudio, Margaret, Caskey Russell, Francisco A Rios, and Jacquelyn L Bridgeman. Critical Race Theory Matters: Education and Ideology. New York: Routledge, 2011. ProQuest Ebook Central.
Firstname Lastname, “Title of Chapter,” in Title of Book, ed. Firstname Lastname (Place of publication: Publisher, Year), page range.
Michael E Lomax, “Jackie Robinson: Racial Pioneer and Athlete Extraordinaire in an Era of Change,” in Out of the Shadows: A Biographical History of African American Athletes, ed. David K Wiggins (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2006), 169.
Lastname, Firstname. “Title of Chapter.” In Title of Book, edited by Firstname Lastname, page range. Place of publication: publisher, year.
Lomax, Michael E. “Jackie Robinson: Racial Pioneer and Athlete Extraordinaire in an Era of Change.” In Out of the Shadows: A Biographical History of African American Athletes, edited by David K Wiggins, 163–79. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2006.
Firstname Lastname, "Article Title," Journal Title Volume, Number (Date): Pages, Online Location.
Saul Epstein and Sara Libby Robinson, “The Soul, Evil Spirits, and the Undead: Vampires, Death, and Burial in Jewish Folklore and Law,” Preternature 1, no. 2 (2012): 232–51, https://doi.org/10.5325/preternature.1.2.0232.
Lastname(s), "Shortened Article Title," Pages.
Epstein and Robinson, "Soul, Evil Spirits, and the Undead," 235-47.
Lastname, Firstname, and Firstname Lastname. "Article Title." Journal Title Volume, Number (Date): Pages. Online Location.
Epstein, Saul, and Sara Libby Robinson. “The Soul, Evil Spirits, and the Undead: Vampires, Death, and Burial in Jewish Folklore and Law.” Preternature 1, no. 2 (2012): 232–51. https://doi.org/10.5325/preternature.1.2.0232.
Example: J. H. Campbell to James Groppi, Oct. 11, 1969, box 11, folder 1, James Groppi Papers, Milwaukee Mss EX, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries, Archives Department.
Example: Groppi, James, Papers. Milwaukee Mss EX. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries, Archives Department.
For no author, use organization instead
Ex: "An interesting and relevant quote or paraphrase" (New York Times, 2020).
For two to three authors, include the last names of authors using commas and and (instead of &)
Ex "An interesting and relevant quote or paraphrase" (Smith, Smithson, and Johnson 2014).
Ex: As Smith, Smithson, and Johnson (2014) write, . . .
For four or more authors, include the last name of the first author and et al.
Ex: (Keats et al. 2016) or Keats et al. (2016)
When editors, translators, or compilers are used as the author, do not include their role (trans., ed., comp.) in the in-text citation.
If an author has published multiple works in the same year, alphabetize the titles in the reference list and then add a, b,c, etc. to the year
(Lee 2015a), (Lee 2015b)
If the author's name appears in the sentence, do not include the name again in the parentheses
Ex: Smith (2016) indicates that good citation practices are important.
Ex: Some authors indicate the importance of good citation practices (Smith 2016)
To cite specific page(s), add a comma and the page number(s)
Ex: (Smith 2016, 21-23) or Smith (2016) . . . (21-23).
*Note that Author-Date format uses a reference page rather than a bibliography page*
Book example
Journal article or Book chapter example
Physical copies of the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th Edition (2017)
Call number: Z253.U69 2017